(Homo)orientalismo: epistemologias sexuais e produção de discursos sobre o “Outro” sexual-racial na Palestina
Resumo
Resumo: Tomando como referência a análise crítica e genealógica de Michel Foucault (1994) procuro compreender as mutações dos discursos associados a práticas sexuais em contexto colonial e de que modo esses discursos são parte de um “biopoder”, que hierarquiza e organiza a vida social. O contexto de análise centra-se no território palestiniano como lugar de circulação de discursos modernos que viajam de representações sobre o caráter homossexual do palestiniano a discursos sobre o seu caráter homofóbico, sempre com o intuito de construir uma separação abissal (Santos, 2009), entre um “Nós” civilizado e saudável e um “Outro” selvagem e patológico.
Palavras-chave: biopoder, homossexualidade, orientalismo, Palestina.
Abstract: Taking as reference frame the critical and genealogical analysis of Michel Foucault (1994) I try to understand the discourse mutations associated with sexual practices in a colonial context and how these discourses are part of a “biopower”, that hierarchizes and organizes social life. The context of analysis focuses on the Palestinian Territories as a place of circulation of modern discourses, that travel from representations about the homosexual character of the Palestinians to discourses about their homophobic character, always with the aim of building an abyssal separation (Santos, 2009), between a civilized and healthy “Us” and a savage and pathological “Other”.
Keywords: biopower, homosexuality, orientalism, Palestine.
Résumé: Prenant comme référence l’analyse critique et généalogique de Michel Foucault (1994), je cherche à comprendre les mutations des discours associées aux pratiques sexuelles dans un contexte colonial et de quelle façon ces discours participe d’un “biopouvoir”, qui hiérarchise et organise la vie sociale. Le contexte de l’analyse se concentre sur les territoires palestiniens comme lieu de circularion des discours modernes qui oscillent entre des représentations sur le caractère homosexuel du palestinien aux discours sur leur caractère homophobe, toujours dans l’optique de construire une séparation abyssale (Santos, 2009), entre un “Nous” civilisé et sain et un “Autre” sauvage et pathologique.
Mots clés: biopouvoir, homosexualité, orientalisme, Palestine.
Resumen: Tomando como referencia el análisis crítico y genealógico de Michel Foucault (1994), trato de comprender las mutaciones en los discursos asociados con prácticas sexuales en un contexto colonial y cómo estos discursos son parte de un “biopoder”, que jerarquiza y organiza la vida social. El contexto de análisis se centra en el território palestino como un lugar para la circulación de discursos modernos que viajan desde representaciones sobre el carácter homosexual de los palestinos a discursos sobre su carácter homofóbico, siempre con el objetivo de construir una separación abisal (Santos, 2009), entre un “Nosotros” civilizado y sano y un “Otro” selvaje y patológico.
Palabras clave: biopoder, homosexualidad, orientalismo, Palestina.
Texto Completo:
PDFReferências
Bibliografia:
ANDERSON, Benedict (2012), Comunidades Imaginadas, traduzido por Catarina Mira, Lisboa, Edições 70 [Edição original, 1983].
AUTORIDADE BRITÂNICA (1936), “Criminal Code Bill, 1936”, The Palestine Gazette, no. 633, pp. 973-1067.
BENJAMIN, Walter (2017), O Anjo da História, traduzido por João Barrento, Lisboa, Assírio & Alvim.
BLEYS, Rudi (1993), “Homosexual Exile: The Textuality of the Imaginary Paradise, 1800-1980”, Journal of Homosexuality, vol. 25, n. 1–2, pp. 165–182.
BOATCĂ, Manuela; COSTA, Sérgio (2013), “Bodies and Borders: An Interview with Ella Shohat”, Jadaliyya [consulta em 03.01.2020]. Disponível em: https://www.jadaliyya.com/Details/29824/Bodies-and-Borders-An-Interview-with-Ella-Shohat.
BOONE, Joseph Allen (1995), “Vacation Cruises; Or, the Homoerotics of Orientalism”, PMLA, vol. 110, n. 1, pp. 89-107.
BOYARIN, Daniel (2000), “The Colonial Drag: Zionism, Gender, and Mimicry” in Fawzia Afzal-Khan e Kalpana Seshadri (org.), The Pre-occupation of Postcolonial Studies, Durham, Duke University Press, pp. 234–265.
D’EMILIO, John (1993), “Capitalism and Gay Identity” in Henry Abelove, Michèle Aina Barale, e David M. Halperin (org.), The Lesbian and Gay Studies Reader, Londres, Routledge, pp. 467–476.
DUGGAN, Lisa (2003), The Twilight of Equality? Neoliberalism, Cultural Politics, and the Attack on Democracy, Boston, Beacon Press.
EL-ROUAYHEB, Khaled (2009), Before Homosexuality in the Arab-Islamic World, 1500-1800, Chicago, University of Chicago Press.
ESPOSITO, Roberto (2018), Bios: biopolítica e filosofia, traduzido por M. Freitas da Costa, Lisboa, Edições 70 [Edição original, 2004].
FOUCAULT, Michel (1994), História da Sexualidade - I: A Vontade de Saber, traduzido por Pedro Tamen, Lisboa, Relógio D’Água Editores [Edição original, 1976].
FOUCAULT, Michel (1998), “Nietzsche, a genealogia e a história” in Roberto Machado (org. e trad.), Microfísica do Poder, Rio de Janeiro, Edições Graal, pp. 15-37 [Edição original, 1971].
HADDAD, Patrick (2017), “Occidental Gender Trouble and the Creation of the Oriental Sodomite”, Khol: A Journal for Body and Gender Research, vol. 3, n. 2, pp. 184–195.
HAN, Enze; O’MAHONEY, Joseph P. A. (2018), British Colonialism and the Criminalization of Homosexuality: Queens, Crime and Empire, Londres, Routledge.
HERZL, Theodor (2011), The Jewish State, Kansas, Digireads.com [Edição original, 1896].
HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH; ARAB FOUNDATION FOR FREEDOMS AND EQUALITY (2018), Audacity in adversity: LGBT activism in the Middle East and North Africa, Nova Iorque, Human Rights Watch.
ILANY, Ofri (2017), “′An Oriental Vice‵: Representations of Sodomy in Early Zionist Discourse” in Achim Rohde, Christina von Braun, e Stefanie Schüler-Springorum (org.), National Politics and Sexuality in Transregional Perspective: The Homophobic Argument, Londres, Routledge, pp. 107–120.
KATZ, Jonathan (1995), The Invention of Heterosexuality, Nova Iorque, Dutton.
KIMMERLING, Baruch (1983), Zionism and Territory: The Socio-territorial Dimensions of Zionist Politics, Berkeley, University of California.
MASSAD, Joseph (2000), “The “Post-Colonial” Colony: Time, Space, and Bodies in Palestine/Israel” in Fawzia Afzal-Khan e Kalpana Seshadri (org.), The Pre-occupation of Postcolonial Studies, Durham, Duke University Press, pp. 311–343.
MASSAD, Joseph (1996), “Zionism’s Internal Others: Israel and the Oriental Jews”, Journal of Palestine Studies, vol. 25, n. 4, pp. 53–68.
MOSSE, George L. (1985), Nationalism and Sexuality: Middle-Class Morality and Sexual Norms in Modern Europe, Madison, University of Wisconsin Press.
MOSSE, George L. (1998), The Image of Man: The Creation of Modern Masculinity, Nova Iorque, Oxford University Press.
NORDAU, Max Simon (1968), Degeneration, traduzido por George L. Mosse, Nova Iorque, Howard Fertig [Edição original, 1892].
PERATIS, Kathleen (2006), “For Gay Palestinians, Tel Aviv Is Mecca”, The Forward [consulta em 28.12.2019]. Disponível em: https://forward.com/opinion/1125/for-gay-palestinians-tel-aviv-is-mecca/.
PRATT, Mary Louise (1991), “Arts of the Contact Zone”, Profession, pp. 33–40.
PUAR, Jasbir (2007), Terrorist Assemblages: Homonationalism in Queer Times, Durham, Duke University Press.
PUAR, Jasbir (2010), “Israel’s gay propaganda war”, The Guardian [consulta em 05.01.2020]. Disponível em: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2010/jul/01/israels-gay-propaganda-war.
SAID, Edward W. (2004), Orientalismo, traduzido por Pedro Serra, Lisboa, Cotovia [Edição original, 1978].
SANTOS, Boaventura de Sousa (2009), “Para além do Pensamento Abissal: das linhas globais a uma ecologia de saberes” in Boaventura de Sousa Santos e Maria Paula Meneses (org.), Epistemologias do Sul, Coimbra, Almedina, pp. 23-71.
SHAFIR, Gershon (1989), Land, Labor, and the Origins of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, 1882-1914, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
SHALEV, Chemi (2019), “The Agony and the Ecstasy of Israel’s Eurovision Extravaganza”, Haaretz [consulta em 10.01.2020]. Disponível em: https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/eurovision/.premium-the-agony-and-the-ecstasy-of-israel-s-eurovision-extravaganza-1.7256091.
SHARON, Alina Dain (2013), “Israel, despite divided attitudes on LGBT rights, beats arab countries by a mile”, CJN [consulta em 25.01.2020]. Disponível em: https://www.cjnews.com/news/israel/israel-despite-divided-attitudes-lgbt-rights-beats-arab-countries-mile
SMOOHA, Sammy (2008), “The Mass Immigrations to Israel: A Comparison of the Failure of the Mizrahi Immigrants of the 1950s with the Success of the Russian Immigrants of the 1990s”, Journal of Israeli History, vol. 27, n. 1, pp. 1-27.
THE KNESSET (1954), Refugee Law and Policy: Israel, [Consulta em 14.01.2020]. Disponível em: https://www.loc.gov/law/help/refugee-law/israel.php#_ftn38.
THE KNESSET (2003), The Citizenship and Entry into Israel Law, [Consulta em 14.01.2020]. Disponível em: https://www.knesset.gov.il/laws/special/eng/citizenship_law.htm.
Apontadores
- Não há apontadores.
ISSN 0871-164X
eISSN 2183-0479